Keytruda Reintroduced and Began to Work Again

Reading: Function 1
(Multiple Choice Questions)

Read the article and answer the questions.

As you move around your home take a good hard expect at its contents. It's likely that your living room volition accept a tv and a DVD player, and your kitchen a washing machine and tumble drier, perchance as well a microwave oven and electric toaster. Your bedchamber drawers will be stuffed with almost iii times as many clothes as you need. You almost certainly own a car and a home computer, have a vacation abroad at least one time a year and eat out at least once a week. If you lot could see the volume of rubbish in your dustbin over a year, you would exist horrified. Now, peradventure, more than ever before, people are wondering what life is all about, what information technology'due south for. The single-minded pursuit of textile success is start to problem large numbers of people around the earth. They feel the long-hours work culture to make more money to buy more things is eating up their lives, leaving them precious lilliputian fourth dimension or energy for family or leisure. Many are turning to alternative means of living and downshifting is one of them.

According to a national consulting group, this new approach to work coincides with radical changes in the employment market, where a job is no longer guaranteed and lifetime employment can only be accomplished by taking personal responsibility for your career. Six per cent of workers in Britain took the conclusion to downshift concluding year, swapping their highly pressured, stressful positions for less demanding, less fourth dimension-consuming work which they believe gives them a meliorate counterbalanced life.

1 couple who downshifted is Daniel and Liz. They used to work in central London. He was a announcer and she used to work for an international bank.They would commute every day from their large house in the suburbs, leaving their two children with a nanny. Almost evenings Daniel wouldn't get home until eight or nine o'clock, and near twice a calendar month he would have to fly to New York for meetings. They both earned a large amount of money just began to experience that life was passing them by.

Nowadays, they run a farm in the mountains of Wales. 'I always wanted to accept a farm hither,' says Daniel, and nosotros took most a year to make the decision to downshift. It has taken some getting used to, only it's been worth it. We accept to recall twice now about spending money on car repairs and we no longer take any holidays. Even so. I think it made us stronger every bit a family unit, and the children are a lot happier.'

Liz, even so, is not totally convinced. I used to savor my job, even though it was hard work and long hours. I'thou not actually a state daughter, but I suppose I'thousand gradually getting use to looking subsequently the animals. Ane thing I do like though is being able to encounter more than of my children. My tip for other people wanting to practise the same is non to think about it too much or you might not do it at all.'

Now answer questions ane-5 .

1. Co-ordinate to the author, people are outset to rethink their lives because

A they feel also dependent on their possessions.

B they are worried well-nigh the corporeality of rubbish they throw away.

C they want to spend fourth dimension doing other things.

D their families object to their working and so hard.

2 What does the writer say about the employment market?

A There aren't many jobs nowadays.

B It'south difficult to proceed a company job for life.

C You have to look difficult to observe a chore yourself

D Information technology's changing all the time.

three When Daniel was a journalist he used to

A alive in key London.

B dislike his job.

C miss his children.

D be highly paid.

4 What has Daniel'south reaction been to moving to Wales?

A He's happy that he's at present fulfilled an appetite.

B He felt at habitation on the farm almost immediately.

C He misses the holidays they used to have abroad.

D He is pitiful that they made the conclusion to movement too rapidly.

5 Daniel and Liz both hold that the move

A was difficult to organise.

B has improved family life.

C to a farm was expensive.

D has been a total success.

6 What does the discussion 'tip' in line 64 hateful?

A a good thought

B a clue

C a word of advice

D a warning

vii What does 'it' in the final sentence of the text refer to?

A her tip B her job C having animals D downshifting

viii Why was this text written?

A To warn people of the problems of downshifting.

B To tell people how to downshift.

C To brand people aware of a new social trend.

D To prove that having a good chore doesn't make yous happy.

1) The answer is C. – 'leaving them preciousfiddling time or energy for family unit or leisure

A is likely but not the existent reason.

In B the writer thinks that the reader would be worried, rather than people in general.

D is probably truthful simply likewise not the answer to the question.

ii) B

iii) D

four) B

5) C

6) D

7) C

Reading: Part 2 (Gapped Text)

You are going to read a magazine commodity about John Prince, a dancer, dance instructor and choreographer. Six sentences accept been removed from the article on the left. Choose the most suitable sentence from the list A-Chiliad on the right for each part (ane-6) of the article. There is one actress sentence which yous do not need to use.

Career success in the arts

John Prince, famous dancer and choreographer, gives advice on how to succeed in a career in the arts.

I asked John how he got started and what requirements there are.

"Well, to exist a professional dancer it's useful to have had interim lessons or some groundwork in drama. If you want to succeed in musical theatre you have to accept a good singing vox too. When y'all approach an amanuensis you lot should accept a portfolio with your CV, your statistics sheet and some good photos and reviews of by performances. You'll need dance clothes, ballet shoes, tap shoes, and fifty-fifty roller skates depending on what kind of show y'all are going to go for."

1____________________________________________________________

"Of course, you demand to exist extremely fit if you want to be a professional person dancer. I trip the light fantastic toe or movement virtually for about six hours a mean solar day. There are great wellness benefits to being a dancer. I tin eat a lot of pasta without gaining weight considering dancing increases your metabolism and then much."

2____________________________________________________________

John has a very decorated schedule in the next few months. He took fourth dimension out to speak to me today from the making of a popular video to promote Due north-ergy'due south latest tape.

"I choreographed the dance routine for the boys and they only had 2 days in which to acquire it! I am going to be working on a video for another well known band – but that's top surreptitious. Next month I'll be touring Spain in a production of a musical that was written by a friend of mine, Michaela Evans.

3____________________________________________________________

As for the future, I've come up to realise that I would never be content to be simply a chorus dancer – I'm besides much of an individual for that. Like all artists I'd dearest to become a household name by writing and choreographing my own musicals."

John was born in Jamaica to a Jamaican father and a Scottish female parent just the family emigrated to England twenty years ago.

"I have a niggling sis I adore, who is also grooming to be a dancer." How does information technology experience to have someone else following in your footsteps?

4____________________________________________________________

Has he much more to acquire, I wondered.

"I've spent an incredible amount of my life training to become where I am. I went to higher for two years in England, I trained for six months in Paris and about 8 months in America. But yous never really stop training or learning your art."

5____________________________________________________________

What has a dance career done for you equally a person?

"Thanks to dancing, I've visited and performed in 23 countries so far. This has opened my eyes to the world, and I've been able to empathize issues like racism and inequality from a wider perspective.

Hopefully this has enabled me to get a better and more tolerant person as a result. "And then all in all I'm actually happy to be a dancer!"

A Information technology'south fine, but I try non to requite out too much advice as it gets irritating!

B And if zero you like comes out of it, and then come back and be an actor or dancer.

C Without a strict daily timetable like this you find yourself wasting as well much time.

D Later that it's back to England to start a new term of trip the light fantastic toe classes.

E When it comes to coping with stress, I notice that exercise helps me to cope with my problems, then I stay in skillful shape mentally as well.

F Like any profession where you're always travelling, you tend to acquire something new almost every day.

G Being fully equipped with all this stuff beforehand makes information technology easier when you go for auditions.

1. One thousand
2. Eastward
3. D
4. A
5. F

Reading: Role 3 (Matching)

Read office of an employee handout regarding working with businesses in other countries.

Like most companies in an increasingly globalised world, our firm does business with other firms abroad.  Company cultures vary worldwide, and it is important for delegates from our visitor to recognise how company civilisation overseas might be dissimilar from our own. This document volition give you a cursory guide to company culture in the countries we associate with.

Russia
Until recently, people and businesses were oppressed by the state and this has affected people'due south attitudes.  It is not uncommon for laws to be ignored and taxes to become unpaid. In some cases, merely contracts between shut personal friends are acknowledged. Therefore, networking is vital for successful business. Before long, the legal state of affairs in Russian federation is in a state of flux, with laws constantly being rewritten. Those that exist are often unenforceable. Well-nigh agreements are therefore made on a trust basis, so information technology is vital that personal relationships do non intermission downwards. The management way is centralised and directive. Too much contend can betoken a lack of decisiveness.  Subordinates take orders from the 'big boss'.  Many westerners see this as a lack of initiative on the part of heart managers, simply in actual fact, heart managers take little power. Most delays occur because the question has non been presented to actual decision-maker. Yet, things are changing in Russia. The erstwhile regime is gradually being replaced past western business style, and younger managers will have a much more modern approach than their older counterparts.

Republic of korea
Republic of korea is one of the world'due south most successful economies, having seen five sequent decades of high economic growth. When faced with adversity, Southward Koreans alter direction quickly and effectively. Despite the frantic economic growth, S Korean society is however very bourgeois and conformist due to the influence of Confucian values. Companies are hierarchical and regimented and 'face up' is very much valued. Consequently, alter tin can sometimes be tedious and painful. Managers are paternalistic, authoritative figures who expect their instructions to be carried out obediently and respectfully. In return, they give their subordinates support and help, not only in work issues but in dwelling house issues every bit well. Grouping harmony is important, and then South Koreans avoid confrontation and blame, specially among people of equal rank. Friendship is therefore vital to business success. The Korean maxim 'make a friend first and a client second' sums this up exactly.

Australia
Australia has a relatively modest population in relation to its vast size. Its geographic isolation and its pocket-sized domestic market hateful that international merchandise is essential to guarantee time to come prosperity. Increasingly, this is done in countries in Asia rather than Commonwealth countries. Australian managers are not considered to take superior condition to other workers. Their jobs are just different.  Administrative direction styles are not appreciated among Australians workers. Instead, managers adopt a more consultative and inclusive style which encourages open up debate. Challenging superiors is acceptable, indeed it is a sign of commitment and professionalism. Outsiders may consider such dialogues confrontational, but Australians regard them equally constructive means to communicate ideas. Australian managers similar to be seen every bit 'i of the boys' and they are more likely to socialise with their team than segregate themselves and just mix with other managers.

UK
In the last half century, Great britain, similar many industrialised countries, has moved abroad from heavy engineering towards service and high-tech industries. With this has come a major shift in management style. Hierarchical systems have been swept aside and replaced past modern business models, heavily influenced by the US. The 'task for life' is rare. Neither managers nor junior workers await to climb the corporate ladder inside ane company; rather, they manage their ain career paths by progressing from company to company. Such curt-termism can be frustrating for outsiders.  British managers tend to be generalists rather than specialists, and are not necessarily the nearly technically competent person in the team. Instead, they are expected to accept the necessary interpersonal skills to ensure the team works together effectively. They cultivate a shut and humorous relationship with subordinates, which may be considered too soft.  Giving straight orders can be seen equally impolite, so managers often brand indirect requests rather than explicit instructions, which is sometimes confusing for non-British people.

Which land is existence referred to in the statements below?

1. "The people I deal with keep moving on to new jobs." 

2. "Unless yous're friends, they may not honour your agreement."  

three. "It's frustrating because the official regulations keep changing."  

iv. "Disagreements between colleagues are frowned upon."  

5. "I thought the manager had the authority to make a decision, but it turned out that he didn't."  

six. "The manager and another member of staff had a huge disagreement in the coming together, and no-i seemed to care."  

7. "They weren't terribly mannerly – they just wanted to go on with making the bargain."  

8. "I expected the manager to have more technical cognition than he actually did."  

9. "I dealt with two companies in this country concluding year. I was really hierarchical, just the other was really modern."  

10. "The managing director kept asking me most my wife and children. I don't know why it was and so of import to him."  

11. "He has a PhD simply he never refers to himself as a doctor."  

12. "I thought that there'd exist tariffs to pay, but the firm seemed quite content to overlook them."  

thirteen. "I didn't realise I was expected to practice it this way.  I idea the manager was just offering a tip."  

fourteen. "The managers saturday with the junior workers at lunch. I expected them to have their own table."  

15. "I hoped the senior manager would be prepared to discuss the matter with me, merely he refused to engage in whatsoever class of argue."   

1. UK
2. Russia
3. Russian federation
4. S Korea
5. Russian federation
6. Australia
7. Australia
8. Uk
9. Russia
10. South Korea
11. UK
12. Russian federation
13. Great britain
14. Australia
15. Russia

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